GATE General Aptitude and CS Solutions Practice Test

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• A unique identifier for a record in a database table, ensuring that no two records have the same key.
• Which expression gives φ(n) when n is the product of two distinct primes p and q?
• Bellman-Ford algorithm is used for which type of problem?
• Which mathematical concept satisfies reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity, allowing partition into equivalence classes?
• In Boolean algebra, a minterm is best described as a
• A spanning tree on a graph with V vertices contains how many edges?
• Which normalization form ensures every functional dependency is a dependency on a superkey?
• A digital logic circuit with multiple inputs outputs high only when none of the inputs are high represents which gate?
• In Boolean expressions, which term denotes a product term representing a particular combination of variable states that yields true?
• What is the name for the sum of a contiguous block of elements within an array?
• Which statement about the Chip Select (CS) signal in memory systems is true?
• In parsing theory, what concept represents the set of possible parser states at a given point, including the current input position?
• How many distinct minterms exist in the complete sum-of-minterms expansion for a Boolean function of four variables?
• Which statement best differentiates a stack from a heap in memory management?
• Which cache organization allows any block to be stored in any cache line, providing maximum flexibility?
• Which function counts the positive integers up to n that are relatively prime to n?
• If a matrix has eigenvalues, what do they represent in relation to the matrix transformation?
• Which normalization form eliminates transitive dependencies?
• In a parse tree, which attributes are computed at a node and passed upwards to its parents?
• Total money spent on a project, including materials and labor.
• What is the average of the following marks: 78, 92, 85, 77, 90?
• Best-case time complexity of binary search on a sorted array of length n?
• Declarations made by individuals accused of a crime, which may indicate guilt or innocence.
• Differentiate between a stack and a queue.
• What data structure is defined as a complete binary tree in which each node's value is greater than or equal to the values of its children?
• Given that All A are B and Some B are C, can we conclude Some A are C?
• What is the next prime after 11?
• Which statement best describes NoSQL databases relative to relational databases?
• Which graph concept is the minimum total weight subset of edges that connects all vertices and contains no cycles?
• Which algorithm design paradigm breaks a problem into smaller subproblems, solves them independently, and combines the results?
• From a bag containing 3 red and 2 blue balls, what is the probability of drawing two red balls without replacement?
• The probability of rolling an even number on a fair six-sided die is?
• Which statement best contrasts relational databases with NoSQL databases?
• What is the average of the numbers 4, 8, 12, and 16?
• What data structure stores a fixed-size sequence of elements of the same type?
• What set of rules defines the structure of a language, specifying how symbols can be combined to form valid expressions?
• A numbering system that uses base 16 to represent memory addresses is known as:
• In a filesystem, which data structure stores information about a file or directory such as its size, location, and permissions?
• Which of the following is a classic deadlock condition?
• A sound is emitted and its echo returns after 1 second. If speed of sound is 343 m/s, what is the distance to the reflecting surface?
• Which formal grammar type has production rules whose left-hand side is a single non-terminal symbol?
• Which scalar is computed from a square matrix and is zero if and only if the matrix is singular?
• Regular languages are recognized by which computational model?
• Which graph traversal visits nodes in level order?
• Which protocol resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network?
• What does the CAP theorem state for distributed systems?
• Which term refers to the speed at which distance is covered, ignoring direction?
• Bandwidth is to the theoretical maximum data transfer rate as throughput is to the
• What subset of edges in a connected, weighted graph connects all vertices with the minimum possible total edge weight?
• Which digital logic gate outputs true only when all inputs are false?
• In a university setting, groups formed around specific interests and activities.
• Which sorting algorithm partitions an array around a pivot and groups elements less than and greater than the pivot?
• Which formal system deals with predicates and quantifiers across mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science?
• Name two common collision resolution strategies in hashing.
• A set of instructions written in the C programming language that can be executed by a computer.
• The product 0.5 × 0.2 equals?
• What is the purpose of a database index?
• A formal system for manipulating relations in a database, using operators to perform queries.
• Which term represents the maximum rate of data transfer across a network connection, typically measured in bits per second?
• Which component translates virtual addresses to physical addresses in a computer system?
• The distribution of expenses among multiple parties, often leading to changes in individual contributions when participants change.
• What term describes a correspondence between two sets where each element of the first set is paired with a unique element of the second set and vice versa?
• An arrangement where participants share costs proportional to their involvement.
• Which term describes processes that execute during overlapping time periods with potential resource conflicts?
• Which storage representation for graphs requires O(V^2) space?
• The price increases from 120 to 150; what is the percentage increase?
• Which ACID property guarantees that changes are preserved across crashes?
• Which algorithm is suitable for single-source shortest path in graphs with non-negative weights and uses a priority queue?
• What are the attributes passed down from parent nodes to child nodes in a parse tree, allowing for the propagation of information?
• What data structure is commonly used to implement a database index for fast lookups?
• Round robin scheduling is a common form of which scheduling category?
• Which statement correctly describes a queue operation?
• Correct the sentence: 'Neither of the answers are correct.'
• What is the time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced binary search tree (e.g., AVL or Red-Black)?
• What term describes the total amount of money spent on a project, including materials and labor?
• Which protocol enables clients to manage emails on the server and retrieve messages, without downloading them permanently?
• Which operations are executed during the parsing process to compute attributes or perform actions based on the grammar?
• The sum of minterms representation of a Boolean function is formed by OR-ing
• If the average of five numbers is 20 and four numbers are 18, 20, 22, and 21, what is the fifth number?
• Which networking device connects devices on a LAN and uses MAC addresses to forward data to the correct destination?
• Organizations within an educational institution that focus on specific interests or activities.
• What does ACID stand for in databases?
• Which type of formal language can be generated by a context-free grammar, where the left-hand side of every production rule consists of a single non-terminal symbol?
• A formal court decision that determines the rights and liabilities of the parties after a dispute.
• A place where legal cases are heard and decided, typically presided over by a judge.
• Which type of transaction schedules can be transformed into a serial schedule without changing the outcome, ensuring consistency?
• Which statement best describes a clock cycle in a synchronous digital circuit?
• Which word is closest in meaning to 'benevolent'?
• Complete the number series: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ?
• What is the median of the five numbers: 77, 78, 85, 90, 92?
• The number of factors of 18 is
• The process of assigning living spaces to individuals based on their preferences and requirements.
• In Byte Addressable Memory, each address references exactly one unit of data. Which unit is it?
• Given the ratio of boys to girls is 3:4 and there are 21 boys, what is the total number of students?
• Which protocol maps an IP address to a MAC address in a local area network?
• Which term describes overlapping execution of processes sharing resources?
• Which public-key cryptographic system uses the properties of large prime numbers for secure data transmission?
• Which concept partitions a set into equivalence classes such that related elements are in the same class?
• Three batches of equal size: 120, 150, 180 units respectively. What is the average production per batch?
• Which algorithm handles negative weights but no negative cycles for shortest paths?
• What is the term for a cycle in a graph that visits each vertex exactly once and returns to the starting vertex?
• Which statement best describes the sum-of-minterms canonical form?
• A plan or strategy that outlines how a company creates, delivers, and captures value.
• In a Uniform Distribution over integers from a to b, what is true about the probabilities of outcomes?
• What is the key idea behind Dynamic Programming?
• Which Unix/Linux system call creates a new process by duplicating the calling process?
• Euler's Totient Function φ is multiplicative for coprime integers. Which statement is true?
• Name two algorithms to find a Minimum Spanning Tree.
• Which normalization form requires every functional dependency to be on a superkey?
• If the ratio of male to female participants is 5:3 and there are 40 males, how many total participants are there?
• Which algorithm is designed to find the median in linear time by recursively partitioning the data into smaller groups?
• If a bag contains 3 red and 2 blue balls, what is the probability of drawing a blue ball on a single draw?
• The smallest unit of data that can be transferred between the cache and main memory is called.
• The tag field in a cache address identifies which memory block is stored in a cache line.
• Complete the alphabet sequence: A, D, G, J, ?
• A category of formal languages that can be expressed using regular expressions and recognized by finite automata is called:
• Which relational algebra operation is used to retrieve rows that satisfy a given predicate?
• What binary tree type has every non-leaf node with exactly two children and all leaves at the same level, as described in the material?
• Which algorithm builds a Minimum Spanning Tree by repeatedly adding the smallest edge that connects two components?
• What is the time complexity of inserting into a balanced binary search tree (e.g., AVL or Red-Black) for n elements?
• A train travels 180 miles at 60 mph. How long does it take?
• Which of the following numbers is prime?
• Which representation uses the first bit as the sign and the remaining bits as the magnitude for signed numbers?
• What is the area of a rectangle with length 6 and width 4?
• Which operator yields the remainder after division?
• A bottom-up parser that analyzes the input from left to right and constructs a rightmost derivation in reverse is known as an:
• In a balanced binary search tree, what is the time complexity of search, insert, and delete operations in the worst case?
• A short passage states: 'Quality matters more than the number of hours spent studying.' What is the main idea?
• A debt doubles every year at 100% interest. How many years does it take to quadruple?
• What is the time complexity of inserting into a binary min-heap?
• Which term describes a function establishing a one-to-one correspondence between elements of two sets?
• Which theoretical model of computation accepts or rejects strings of symbols and yields exactly one computation for each input?
• A formal decision made by a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal case.
• Which measure of a probability distribution's center is defined as the expected value of the random variable?
• What memory cache stores recent translations of virtual addresses to physical addresses to speed up address translation?
• Which of the following numbers is divisible by 12?
• Bandwidth units are commonly used to express the rate of data transfer in which unit?
• Which term describes an address generated by the CPU during program execution that is translated to a physical address by the memory management unit?
• In a memory architecture where each addressable unit is a single byte, this memory is described as:
• What is a spanning tree?
• Which cryptographic system employs a pair of keys, one enabling encryption and the other enabling decryption, often used for secure data transmission?
• What is the average-case time complexity of QuickSort?
• What operation yields the remainder when one integer is divided by another?
• The rate at which an object covers distance, typically measured in kilometers per hour.
• In a balanced binary search tree, the height grows as a function of n?
• The average of three numbers 5, 7, and x is 6. What is x?
• What is a hash collision and two common collision resolution strategies?
• Which of the following terms describes a technique from automata theory used to prove non-regularity by showing a long string can be pumped?
• If the echo is heard 0.5 seconds after the sound is emitted, and the speed of sound is 343 m/s, what is the distance to the reflecting surface?
• Evaluate the expression 2 + 3 × 4 − 8 ÷ 2.
• Is QuickSort stable?
• Which data structure is best for implementing a prefix search (autocomplete)?
• Which error is present in the sentence 'The committee have decided to postpone its meeting'?
• What scalar value, computed from the elements of a square matrix, indicates whether the matrix is invertible?
• Which scheduling approach allows a running process to be disrupted and moved back to the ready state to let another process execute?
• Which type of database stores data in tables and allows relationships between data through keys?
• If a system has a clock with period T seconds, what is the relation to its frequency f?
• In a cache, which field identifies the cache line containing the block?
• Which data structure is described as a fixed-size, contiguous collection of elements of the same type in memory?
• Which item is typically not stored in an inode in a Unix-like filesystem?
• What statement is used to perform operations on data stored in a relational database?
• Which mathematical concept describes the scalars by which a linear transformation stretches or compresses vectors along specific directions?
• Which 32-bit value divides an IP address into network and host portions?
• In a relational table, which constraint ensures that no two rows have the same value for a key attribute?
• Which statement about adjacency matrix and adjacency list space usage is true for a graph with V vertices?
• Which portion of a cache address specifies the cache line to which a memory block maps?
• Which graph representation uses space O(V+E)?
• What distribution assigns equal probability to all outcomes within a specified range?
• A method for representing signed integers in binary where the most significant bit indicates the sign is called:
• What is the term for the value that a function approaches as its input approaches a specified point?
• In a Max-Heap, which node contains the largest value of the entire heap?
• A control signal used to enable a specific chip in a memory system, allowing it to respond to address requests, is called:
• What is the name of the canonical form of a Boolean function expressed as a sum of minterms?
• Which sentence uses proper subject-verb agreement with a collective noun?
• Which scheduling algorithm minimizes wait time for small processes but can cause starvation?
• Which class of languages has a Turing machine that can enumerate all valid strings of the language, but may not halt for invalid strings?
• If 60% of 200 people prefer product A, how many prefer A?
• Which Internet protocol is used by email clients to retrieve messages from a mail server?
• Which value is the median of the batch sizes 120, 150, 180?
• Which data structure is a self-balancing tree that maintains sorted data and supports efficient insertion, deletion, and search operations?
• What is a semaphore used for in concurrent programming?
• Which property of regular languages states that any sufficiently long string can be decomposed into parts to allow repetition?
• In logic, given P→Q and Q is true, can we conclude P?
• Which operation creates a new process by cloning the current process in Unix-like systems?
• A train travels 60 km in the first hour and 40 km in the second hour. What is the average speed over the two hours?
• What is the basic unit of time in a computer's operation, representing one complete oscillation of the clock signal?
• If n is prime, φ(n) equals
• A proportion expressed as a fraction of 100, often used to describe parts of a whole.
• With ratio of boys to girls 3:4 and 21 boys, how many girls are there?
• Which ACID property ensures that a transaction’s operations are all completed or none are?
• What is the numeral system that uses only digits 0 and 1?
• Which of the following numbers is a factor of 18?
• In two's complement representation, which bit determines the sign of the number?
• What term denotes an event that occurs when a requested data item is not found in the cache?